Biology | 1 Big School (By Blue Brain)

Intro to biology

Welcome to biology!
Biology overview
The science of biology
The scientific method

Chemistry of life

Elements and atoms
Elements and atoms
Introduction to the atom
Electron shells and orbitals
Shells, subshells, and orbitals
Valence electrons and ionic compounds
Groups of the periodic table
Electronegativity
Electronegativity and bonding
Intermolecular forces
Chemical reactions introduction
Chemical bonds and reactions
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonding in water
Hydrogen bonding in water
Water as a solvent

Water, acids, and bases

Cohesion and adhesion
Capillary action and why we see a meniscus
Surface tension
Temperature and state changes in water
LeBron Asks: Why does sweating cool you down?
Evaporative cooling
Heat of vaporization of water and ethanol
Specific heat of water
Liquid water denser than solid water (ice)
Acids, bases, and pH
Autoionization of water
Arrhenius definition of acids and bases
Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases
Definition of pH
Introduction to buffers
Carbon
Carbon as a building block of life
Silicon-based life
Representing structures of organic molecules
Hydrocarbon structures and functional groups
Hydrocarbon overview
Isomers
Functional groups

Properties of carbon

Carbohydrates
Molecular structure of glucose
Dehydration synthesis or a condensation reaction
Hydrolysis
Molecular structure of fructose
Lipids
Molecular structure of triglycerides (fats)
Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats
Lipid overview
Nucleic acids
DNA
DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation
Molecular structure of DNA
Antiparallel structure of DNA strands
Molecular structure of RNA

Macromolecules

Proteins
Introduction to amino acids
Peptide bond formation
Overview of protein structure
Tertiary structure of proteins
Energy in metabolism
Introduction to metabolism: Anabolism and catabolism
Laws of thermodynamics
Introduction to energy
First Law of Thermodynamics introduction
Introduction to entropy
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics and entropy
Why heat increases entropy
Free energy
Gibbs free energy and spontaneous reactions
Endergonic, exergonic, exothermic, and endothermic
ATP and reaction coupling
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
ATP hydrolysis mechanism
Reaction coupling to create glucose-6-phosphate

Energy and enzymes

Introduction to enzymes
Introduction to kinetics
Enzymes
Enzyme regulation
Enzyme cofactors and coenzymes
Competitive inhibition
Noncompetitive inhibition
Introduction to cells
Scale of cells
Cell theory
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Cell size
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Tour of a eukaryotic cell
Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies
Endomembrane system
Mitochondria
The cytoskeleton
Extracellular structures and cell-cell junctions
Extracellular matrix
Plant cell walls
Overview of animal and plant cells
The plasma membrane
Fluid mosaic model of cell membranes

Structure of a cell

Diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion – Introduction
Concentration gradients
Osmosis
Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions (tonicity)
Diffusion and osmosis
Passive transport
Passive transport and selective permeability
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Sodium potassium pump
Electrochemical gradients and secondary active transport
Uniporters, symporters and antiporters
Bulk transport
Endocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis
Exocytosis
Introduction to cellular respiration
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
ATP hydrolysis mechanism
Cellular respiration introduction
Oxidation and reduction review from biological point-of-view
Oxidation and reduction in cellular respiration

Membranes and transport

Steps of cellular respiration
Overview of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Overview of glycolysis
Steps of glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
Krebs / citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain
Variations on cellular respiration
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcohol or ethanol fermentation
Intro to photosynthesisIntro to photosynthesis
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
ATP hydrolysis mechanism
Photosynthesis
Breaking down photosynthesis stages

Cellular respiration

The light-dependent reactions
Conceptual overview of light dependent reactions
Light dependent reactions actors
Photosynthesis: Overview of the light-dependent reactions
The Calvin cycle
Photosynthesis: Calvin cycle
Photorespiration: C3, C4, and CAM plants
Photorespiration
C4 photosynthesis
CAM plants
How cells signal to each other
Overview of cell signaling
Example of a signal transduction pathway
Communication in single-celled organisms
Cell signaling in yeast reproduction
Introduction to cell division
Fertilization terminology: gametes, zygotes, haploid, diploid
Zygote differentiating into somatic and germ cells
Chromosomes, chromatids and chromatin
The cell cycle and mitosis
Interphase
Mitosis

Photosynthesis

Meiosis
Comparing mitosis and meiosis
Chromosomal crossover in meiosis I
Phases of meiosis I
Phases of meiosis II
Cell cycle regulation, cancer, and stem cells
Embryonic stem cells
Cancer
Apoptosis
Mendelian genetics
Introduction to heredity
Worked example: Punnett squares
Variations on Mendelian genetics
Worked example: Punnett squares
Chromosomal basis of genetics
Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory
Thomas Hunt Morgan and fruit flies

Cell signaling

Sex linkage, chromosomal mutations, & non-nuclear inheritance
Sex-linked traits
Molecular basis of genetics
DNA
DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation
Alleles and genes
Structure of DNA
DNA
Molecular structure of DNA
Antiparallel structure of DNA strands

Cell division

Discovery of DNA
DNA as the “transforming principle”
Hershey and Chase: DNA is the genetic material
The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA
DNA replication
DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation
Leading and lagging strands in DNA replication
Speed and precision of DNA replication
Molecular structure of DNA
Central dogma (DNA to RNA to protein)
DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation
Alleles and genes
Transcription
DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation
Transcription and mRNA processing
Molecular structure of RNA
Translation
DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation
Translation (mRNA to protein)

Classical and molecular genetics

Gene regulation in bacteria
Operons and gene regulation in bacteria
Trp operon
Lac operon
DNA cloning
DNA cloning and recombinant DNA
DNA analysis methods
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Gel electrophoresis
Stem cells
Embryonic stem cells
Development & differentiation
Cellular specialization (differentiation)
Zygote differentiating into somatic and germ cells
Embryonic stem cells
Apoptosis
Apoptosis

DNA as the genetic material

Prokaryote structure
Bacteria
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Viruses
Viruses
Evolution and natural selection
Introduction to evolution and natural selection
Ape clarification
Intelligent design and evolution
Evolution clarification
Natural selection and the owl butterfly
Variation in a species
Evidence for evolution
Population genetics
Allele frequency
Hardy-Weinberg equation
Applying the Hardy-Weinberg equation
Discussions of conditions for Hardy-Weinberg
Genetic drift, bottleneck effect, and founder effect
Speciation and evolutionary trees
Taxonomy and the tree of life
Species
Speciation
Biodiversity and natural selection
Genetic variation, gene flow, and new species
Discovering the tree of life
Understanding and building phylogenetic trees
Formation of Earth and early life
Earth formation
Beginnings of life
Origins of life
The diversification of life
Ozone layer and eukaryotes show up in the Proterozoic eon
First living things on land clarification
Biodiversity flourishes in Phanerozoic eon
Human evolution overview

Gene regulation

Biotechnology

Intro to population ecology
Life history strategies and fecundity
Population growth & regulation
Exponential and logistic growth in populations
Population regulation
Predator-prey cycles
Thomas Malthus and population growth
Intro to community ecology
Interactions between populations
Predator-prey cycles
Community structure & diversity
Ecosystems and ecological networks
Introduced species and biodiversity
Ecological succession

Developmental biology

Intro to ecosystems
Ecosystems and biomes
Flow of energy and matter through ecosystems
Biogeochemical cycles
Biogeochemical cycles overview
The water cycle
The carbon cycle
The nitrogen cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Eutrophication and dead zones
Biogeography
How biodiversity is distributed globally
Why biodiversity is distributed unevenly
New localities lead to new biodiversity

Bacteria and archaea

Viruses

Introduced species and biodiversity
How does climate change affect biodiversity?
Demystifying ocean acidification and biodiversity impacts
Biodiversity and extinction, then and now
Threats to biodiversity
Human activities that threaten biodiversity
Protecting biodiversity
Conservation and the race to save biodiversity
Protecting biodiversity: the power of the individual
Protecting biodiversity: local and global policies

Evolution and the tree of life

Levels of biodiversity
Levels of biodiversity
Ecosystem biodiversity
Discovering the tree of life
Animal behavior
Animal communication
Animal behavior: foraging
Circulatory and pulmonary systems
The lungs and pulmonary system
Red blood cells
Circulatory system and the heart
Hemoglobin
The neuron and nervous system
Anatomy of a neuron
Sodium-potassium pump
Correction to sodium-potassium pump video
Electrotonic and action potentials
Saltatory conduction in neurons
Neuronal synapses (chemical)
Overview of the functions of the cerebral cortex

History of life on Earth

The kidney and nephron
The kidney and nephron
Secondary active transport in the nephron
Muscles
Myosin and actin
How tropomyosin and troponin regulate muscle contraction
Role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells
Anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber
Immunology
Role of phagocytes in innate or nonspecific immunity
Types of immune responses: Innate and adaptive, humoral vs. cell-mediated
B lymphocytes (B cells)
Professional antigen presenting cells (APC) and MHC II complexes
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells and MHC I complexes
Review of B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells
Inflammatory response
Plant responses to light
Phototropism
Photoperiodism

Ecology

Population genetics: When Darwin met Mendel
Taxonomy: Life’s filing system
Evolution: It’s a Thing
Comparative anatomy: What makes us animals
Simple animals: Sponges, jellies, & octopuses
Complex animals: Annelids & arthropods
Chordates
Animal behavior
The nervous system
Circulatory & respiratory systems
The digestive system
The excretory system: From your heart to the toilet
The skeletal system: It’s ALIVE!
Big Guns: The Muscular System
Your immune system: Natural born killer
Great glands – Your endocrine system
The reproductive system: How gonads go
Old & Odd: Archaea, Bacteria & Protists
The sex lives of nonvascular plants
Vascular plants = Winning!
The plants & the bees: Plant reproduction
Ecology – Rules for living on earth
Crash Course: Biology
Why carbon is everywhere
Water – Liquid awesome
Biological molecules – You are what you eat
Eukaryopolis – The city of animal cells
In da club – Membranes & transport
Plant cells
ATP & respiration
Photosynthesis
Heredity
DNA, hot pockets, & the longest word ever
Meiosis: Where the sex starts
Natural Selection
Speciation: Of ligers & men
Animal development: We’re just tubes
Evolutionary development: Chicken teeth
Crash Course: Ecology
The history of life on earth
Population ecology: The Texas mosquito mystery
Human population growth
Community ecology: Feel the love
Community ecology II: Predators
Ecological succession: Change is good
Ecosystem ecology: Links in the chain
The hydrologic and carbon cycles: Always recycle!
Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles: Always recycle!
5 human impacts on the environment
Pollution
Conservation and restoration ecology

About Course

Course Content

Intro to biology

Welcome to biology!

Biology overview

The science of biology

The scientific method

Chemistry of life

Elements and atoms

Elements and atoms

Introduction to the atom

Electron shells and orbitals

Shells, subshells, and orbitals

Valence electrons and ionic compounds

Groups of the periodic table

Electronegativity

Electronegativity and bonding

Intermolecular forces

Chemical reactions introduction

Chemical bonds and reactions

Ionic bonds

Covalent bonds

Hydrogen bonding in water

Hydrogen bonding in water

Water as a solvent

Water, acids, and bases

Cohesion and adhesion

Capillary action and why we see a meniscus

Surface tension

Temperature and state changes in water

LeBron Asks: Why does sweating cool you down?

Evaporative cooling

Heat of vaporization of water and ethanol

Specific heat of water

Liquid water denser than solid water (ice)

Acids, bases, and pH

Autoionization of water

Arrhenius definition of acids and bases

Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases

Definition of pH

Introduction to buffers

Carbon

Carbon as a building block of life

Silicon-based life

Representing structures of organic molecules

Hydrocarbon structures and functional groups

Hydrocarbon overview

Isomers

Functional groups

Properties of carbon

Carbohydrates

Molecular structure of glucose

Dehydration synthesis or a condensation reaction

Hydrolysis

Molecular structure of fructose

Lipids

Molecular structure of triglycerides (fats)

Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats

Lipid overview

Nucleic acids

DNA

DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation

Molecular structure of DNA

Antiparallel structure of DNA strands

Molecular structure of RNA

Macromolecules

Proteins

Introduction to amino acids

Peptide bond formation

Overview of protein structure

Tertiary structure of proteins

Energy in metabolism

Introduction to metabolism: Anabolism and catabolism

Laws of thermodynamics

Introduction to energy

First Law of Thermodynamics introduction

Introduction to entropy

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics and entropy

Why heat increases entropy